For you to ensure durability in your laminate flooring, you need to understand the various types of subfloor that you can using for laminate installation.
Understanding the different types of subfloors equips you with the knowledge to assess their characteristics, determine their durability for laminate flooring, and enable you to make informed decisions during the installation.
This guide provides you with a comprehensive list of the different types of subfloor to inform you on which choice to use in different areas where you intend to install laminate flooring.
Common Subfloors for Laminate Flooring
While there are many types of subfloors for general flooring, for laminate we have 10 popular choices of subfloor which include:
- Concrete subfloors
- OSB board
- Exterior grade Plywood
- Particle Boards
- Terrazzo
Each of these materials possesses distinct characteristics that can significantly impact the performance and longevity of your laminate flooring.
Let’s take a closer look at these subfloor types and explore their pros and cons to help you especially if you intend to engage in a DIY laminate flooring installation.
Concrete Subfloors
Concrete subfloors, made of solid cementitious material, are a popular choice in many homes due to their durability and stability.
These subfloors are typically found in basements, ground-level slabs, or multi-story buildings. Concrete subfloors provide a sturdy foundation for various types of flooring, including laminate.
Concrete subfloors also serve as an ideal foundation for ground-level apartments or offices with a high-foot traffic.
Pros & Cons of Concrete Subfloors:
Pros:
- Provides excellent stability which helps to minimize the risks of sagging or flexing in laminate floors.
- Resistant to moisture which helps in preventing damage to laminate planks
- Has a smooth and level surface which promotes easy installation and seamless appearance of the flooring.
Cons:
- Concrete tends to be a cooler and harder underfoot hence might require additional insulation or underlayment for comfort.
- Concrete (if not well cured) is prone to cracks and uneven surfaces which you have to address before installing the laminate flooring.
When dealing with concrete subfloors, you need to ensure that you follow best practices which include:
- Moisture barrier Considerations-Assess the moisture levels
- Address cracks and uneven surfaces- fill and repair all the cracks
- Ensure you conduct proper moisture tests.
To understand these steps fully, read our guide on concrete subfloor preparation.
Plywood Subfloors
Plywood subfloors consist of multiple layers of wood veneers glued together, creating a sturdy and stable surface for various types of flooring, including laminate.
Plywood is commonly used in residential construction and offers specific characteristics that make it a popular choice for subfloors.
Plywood subfloors exhibit excellent strength and dimensional stability, thanks to the cross-laminated construction.
This construction technique minimizes the expansion and contraction of the plywood, reducing the risk of warping or shifting over time.
Additionally, plywood has a smooth and consistent surface, making it relatively easy to install laminate flooring.
Pros & Cons of Plywood Subfloors:
Pros
- Provides a reliable and solid base which ensures proper support for the laminate planks
- Plywood stability minimizes of laminate floor sagging or flexing
- Compatibility with different installation methods including floating installation and direct adhesive applications
Cons
- Possibility of loose or damaged plywood boards-this is because plywood can develop weak spots over time.
For a successful laminate flooring installation over plywood subfloors, you must ensure the following best practices:
- Address loose or damaged plywood– You need to start by inspecting the plywood subfloor, then secure all loose boards using screws, and reinforce the floor where necessary.
- Filling gaps and seams– Use a suitable wood filler or levelling compound to create smooth surfaces before laying the laminate floor.
- Achieve a level surface– Ensure the plywood subfloor is level before installing the laminate flooring. You can use a straightedge level to achieve an even surface.
By following these recommendations and best practices, you can enhance the stability and performance of the plywood subfloor, providing a solid foundation for your laminate flooring.
Read our guide on Pros & Cons of plywood subfloor and when to use it.
Follow our comprehensive guide on how to use plywood subfloor to understand all the considerations you must make.
Also see our comparison of plywood vs OSB subfloors.
Particle Board Subfloors
Particle board subfloors are engineered wood panels made from wood particles or fibers bonded together with a synthetic resin adhesive.
They are often used as subflooring material in residential construction.
Particle board subfloors have specific characteristics that make them an accessible and cost-effective option.
Particle board subfloors are known for their affordability and ease of installation. They provide a smooth and consistent surface for laminate flooring.
However, it’s important to understand the characteristics of particle board subfloors and consider their suitability for laminate flooring installations.
Pros & Cons of Particle Board Subfloors
Pros
- Affordable– Particle boards are affordable which makes them a budget-friendly option for homeowners
- Smooth surface- Particle boards have a consistent smooth surface which makes the laminate flooring installation easier.
Cons
- Susceptible to moisture damage which may compromise the integrity of the laminate flooring
- Lower strength and dimensional capability as compared to concrete or plywood subfloors. When used in high-traffic areas, it may result to the sagging of laminate floors over time.
To ensure proper installation of laminate over particle boards, follow these steps:
- Evaluate the condition of the particle board for any damage including water stains, delamination or warping. Ensure you replace any severely damaged sections to provide a solid foundation for the laminate flooring.
- Address moisture concerns- The particle boards are prone to water damage, a reason why it is important to address these concerns.
- Ensure the subfloor is dry and free from any moisture sources.
- Also address all leaks or sources of moisture in surrounding subfloor area to prevent future damage.
- Preparing the particle board surface for laminate installation should include sanding any raised edges or rough patches to create a smooth surface.
- A smooth surface ensures a level installation and prevents visible imperfections under the laminate flooring
- Finally, consider applying a suitable moisture barrier or sealer to the particle board subfloor to enhance moisture resistance.
Read our comprehensive guide on particle board subfloors to understand when and where to use them, recommended thickness, types of sealers to use, how to deal with water damage, as well as how to find the best type of particle boards.
OSB Subfloors
Oriented strand board also known as OSB subfloors, are engineered wood panels made from compressed wood strands and adhesive.
These panels are commonly used as subflooring material in residential construction. OSB subfloors are known for their strength and dimensional stability.
The strands of wood used in the manufacturing process are strategically oriented to maximize strength and minimize expansion and contraction. This construction method results in a sturdy and reliable subfloor surface for laminate flooring installations.
Pros & Cons of OSB Subfloors
Pros
- Provides a strong and stable foundation, ensuring proper support for the laminate planks.
- Has excellent load-bearing capacity which promotes resistance to sagging and flexing
- Cost-effectiveness; OSB subfloors are generally more affordable compared to plywood, making them a budget-friendly option.
- They have a smooth and consistent surface which ensures easier installation of laminate flooring
Cons
- Higher moisture sensitivity compared to other subfloor types like concrete and plywood.
- Not as highly durable as concrete of plywood in high-moisture areas
For you to ensure that you fully benefit from OSB Subfloors, ensure the following:
- Evaluate the condition of the OSB Subfloor thoroughly – Inspect the subfloor for any signs of water stains, scratches and wear and tear. If need be, repair the damaged areas first.
- Address moisture concerns- Ensure that the subfloor is dry and free from any moisture and implement moisture barriers such as vapor retarders to minimize moisture intrusion.
- Prepare the OSB surface for laying the laminate planks- Ensure that the OSB Surface is smooth, level and free of debris.
Manufacturers also recommend that you fill any gaps or seams with suitable wood filler or leveling compound to achieve a seamless and even subfloor.
Read through our complete OSB Subfloor guide to understand more about OSB thickness, areas where you can use it, pricing, as well as alternatives.
Terrazzo Subfloors
Terrazzo subfloors are a type of composite material made by embedding chips of marble, quartz, granite, or other materials in a cementitious or epoxy matrix.
These subfloors are known for their durability and aesthetic appeal.
They can be found in both residential and commercial settings, providing a unique and stylish foundation for various flooring types, including laminate.
These subfloors offer exceptional durability and strength. The combination of the embedded chips and the bonding matrix creates a solid and long-lasting surface.
Additionally, terrazzo subfloors are typically level and smooth, making them suitable for the installation of laminate flooring.
Pros & Cons of Terrazzo Subfloors
Pros
- Provides excellent stability and support which minimizes risk of sagging
- Highly durable material which ensures long-lasting foundation for the laminate planks
- Resistant to moisture-Terrazzo is a waterproof material with also an ability to withstand heavy foot traffic, hence suitable for high-moisture areas
Cons
- More costly compared to other subfloor types such as
- Requires proper sealing/ preparation failure to which it results to cracks.
In order to reap the benefits of terrazzo subfloors, ensure that:
- Terrazzo subfloor is dry and free from any moisture sources that could potentially affect the laminate flooring
- Remove any debris and dust from the terrazzo before installation of the laminate
- If necessary, apply a suitable primer or sealer to enhance bonding between the terrazzo and laminate.
Comparisons and Considerations of the 5 subfloor types .
We can compare the concrete, plywood, particle board, OSB boards and terrazzo subfloors on the following aspects:
Durability
- Concrete Subfloors:
- Concrete subfloors are highly durable and can withstand heavy foot traffic and wear over time. They offer excellent longevity and resistance to damage.
- Plywood Subfloors:
- Plywood subfloors provide good durability, as the cross-laminated construction enhances their strength and stability.
- Properly maintained plywood subfloors can offer long-term performance.
- Particle Board Subfloors:
- Particle board subfloors are generally less durable than concrete or plywood.
- They are more susceptible to moisture damage and may not withstand heavy foot traffic or excessive weight as well.
- OSB Boards:
- OSB boards are engineered wood panels that offer good durability.
- They provide solid support and can withstand moderate foot traffic and weight.
- Terrazzo Subfloors:
- Terrazzo subfloors are known for their durability. The combination of embedded chips and the bonding matrix creates a solid and long-lasting surface.
Stability
- Concrete Subfloors:
- Concrete subfloors offer exceptional stability, minimizing the risk of flexing or sagging. They provide a solid and reliable foundation for laminate flooring.
- Plywood Subfloors:
- Plywood subfloors exhibit good stability due to their cross-laminated construction, reducing the risk of movement or shifting over time.
- Particle Board Subfloors:
- Particle board subfloors have lower stability compared to concrete or plywood. They may be prone to flexing or sagging, especially under heavy loads or moisture exposure.
- OSB Boards:
- OSB boards provide decent stability and can maintain a level surface for laminate flooring installation.
- Terrazzo Subfloors:
- Terrazzo subfloors offer stability and a solid base for laminate flooring due to their construction and bonding materials.
Suitability for Laminate Flooring
- Concrete Subfloors:
- Concrete subfloors are an excellent choice for laminate flooring due to their stability, moisture resistance, and level surface.
- They provide a solid foundation for a successful installation.
- Plywood Subfloors:
- Plywood subfloors are also suitable for laminate flooring, offering stability and a smooth surface.
- They are commonly used and recommended by manufacturers for laminate installations.
- Particle Board Subfloors:
- Particle board subfloors can be used for laminate flooring, but their moisture sensitivity makes them a less ideal choice.
- Proper precautions, such as moisture barriers and moisture-resistant laminate products, may be necessary.
- OSB Boards:
- OSB boards are suitable for laminate flooring installations. They provide stability and a cost-effective option for residential and light commercial applications.
- Terrazzo Subfloors:
- Terrazzo subfloors, with their unique design and durability, provide an aesthetically pleasing option for laminate flooring.
- They require proper preparation and sealing to ensure a suitable surface for installation.
The following table provides an overview of the above comparison of the subfloors:
| RANK | Subfloor Type | Durability | Stability | Moisture Sensitivity | Installation Methods |
| 1 | Concrete | Excellent | Excellent | Low | Floating, Click-Lock, Glued method |
| 2 | Terrazzo | High | High | Moderate | Floating, Direct Adhesive |
| 3 | Plywood | Good | Good | Moderate | Floating, Direct Adhesive |
| 4 | OSB Boards | Good | Good | Moderate | Floating, Direct Adhesive |
| 5 | Particle Board | Low | Low | High | Floating, Direct Adhesive |
Why you need to consider moisture sensitivity and installation methods
Moisture Sensitivity
- Laminate flooring is generally sensitive to moisture. It can warp, peel or swell when exposed to excessive moisture. Therefore, it’s crucial to assess the moisture levels in the subfloor and address any moisture concerns before installation.
- Concrete subfloors and properly sealed plywood subfloors offer better moisture resistance compared to particle board, OSB boards, and terrazzo subfloors. Implementing moisture barriers, proper sealing, or using moisture-resistant laminate products can further mitigate moisture issues.
- Particle board subfloors, in particular, require extra precautions due to their higher moisture sensitivity. It’s essential to address any moisture concerns and use appropriate moisture-resistant materials and techniques during installation.
- OSB boards and terrazzo subfloors may also require moisture management measures to ensure the longevity and performance of the laminate flooring.
Installation Methods
- Laminate flooring offers various installation methods, including floating installations, glued method and direct adhesive applications. Each subfloor type may have specific installation requirements, which should be followed for optimal results.
- Floating installations are commonly used for laminate flooring and are compatible with all subfloor types. This method involves the use of an underlayment and allows the laminate planks to “float” above the subfloor.
- Direct adhesive applications may be suitable for concrete, plywood, and OSB board subfloors, providing a more secure and stable installation. However, particle board and terrazzo subfloors may not be ideal for direct adhesive installations due to their unique characteristics.
- It is crucial to consult the manufacturer’s guidelines and recommendations for the specific laminate flooring product and subfloor type to ensure proper installation techniques are followed.
Why concrete is the best type of subfloor for laminate flooring
Based on the above comparisons, concrete subfloors are the best for laminate flooring. The following factors make concrete subfloors the best choice for laminate flooring:
Stability & Durability:
- Concrete subfloors provide excellent stability, minimizing the risk of flexing, sagging, or movement.
- They offer a solid and reliable foundation for laminate flooring, ensuring a stable surface that can withstand heavy foot traffic and regular use.
Moisture resistance capability
Concrete has inherent moisture resistance, making it particularly suitable for areas prone to moisture, such as basements, bathrooms, or areas with high humidity.
It helps prevent moisture from seeping into the laminate flooring, which can cause warping, swelling, or mold growth.
However, it’s important to note that proper moisture testing and the use of moisture barriers are still essential for optimal installation
Compatibility with installation methods
Concrete subfloors are compatible with various installation methods for laminate flooring.
The most common methods include floating installations and direct adhesive applications.
Level Surface
Concrete subfloors generally provide a smooth, level surface, ensuring a seamless and visually appealing laminate flooring installation.
Longevity
Concrete subfloors offer exceptional longevity.
Once properly installed, they can provide a stable base for laminate flooring for many years without the need for significant repairs or replacements.
This makes concrete a cost-effective choice in the long run.
Versatility
Concrete subfloors can accommodate a wide range of floor coverings, including laminate flooring.
Conclusion
We have covered concrete, plywood, particle board, OSB boards, and terrazzo subfloors, discussing their characteristics, pros, and cons, and use-case as subfloors for laminate flooring.
Each subfloor type offers unique features and considerations that can impact the performance and longevity of laminate flooring.
You should note that proper subfloor preparation is important to achieve a long-lasting laminate flooring installation.
Regardless of the subfloor type chosen, taking the time to adequately prepare the subfloor is key to ensuring a stable and level surface for the laminate planks.
This includes addressing any moisture concerns, repairing cracks or damage, leveling uneven surfaces, and applying appropriate moisture barriers or sealants when necessary.
By investing effort into subfloor preparation, you create a solid foundation that enhances the overall performance and durability of your laminate flooring.
If you ever find yourself uncertain about the condition of your subfloor or the appropriate subfloor preparation techniques for your specific project, it is highly recommended to seek professional assistance or consultation.
Flooring experts or contractors can provide valuable insights, assess the subfloor condition accurately, and offer tailored recommendations to ensure a successful installation.
Frequently Asked Questions.
Q1: Can I install laminate flooring directly on top of carpet?
It is not recommended to install laminate flooring directly on top of carpet. Laminate flooring requires a solid, level surface for proper installation and stability.
Carpet can create an uneven and compressible surface, which can lead to problems with the laminate flooring, such as unevenness or shifting.
It is best to remove the carpet and ensure a suitable subfloor before installing laminate flooring.
Q2: Can I install laminate flooring on a subfloor with moisture issues?
It is essential to address any moisture issues before installing laminate flooring. Excessive moisture can damage the laminate planks, causing warping, swelling, peeling of the planks, or mold growth.
If you have a subfloor with moisture concerns, it is crucial to identify and resolve the source of moisture before proceeding with the installation.
Additionally, using moisture barriers, sealants, or moisture-resistant underlayment can help mitigate moisture-related problems.
Q3: Can I install laminate flooring on a concrete subfloor in a basement?
Yes, concrete subfloors are a suitable choice for basements when installing laminate flooring.
Concrete provides excellent stability and moisture resistance, making it an ideal option for below-grade areas.
However, it is essential to conduct proper moisture testing and address any moisture concerns before installation.
Using moisture barriers and choosing moisture-resistant laminate products specifically designed for basements can further protect the flooring against potential moisture damage.
Q4: Can I install laminate flooring over an existing subfloor?
In most cases, it is possible to install laminate flooring over an existing subfloor, such as plywood or concrete, as long as the surface is stable, level, and in good condition.
However, it is crucial to evaluate the condition of the existing subfloor and ensure it is suitable for laminate flooring installation.
Any damage or instability should be addressed before proceeding.
It is also important to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines and recommendations for installing laminate flooring over an existing subfloor.
